Employee Retention Techniques Essays

Employee Retention Techniques Essays Employee Retention Techniques Paper Employee Retention Techniques Paper The project work titled, â€Å"A Study on Employee Retention Techniques among employes in Salem District Milk Producers Union Limited†. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the employee turnover level of the company. Employee is not an economic factor but a total personality having his own feelings and a sense of responsibilities towards his family, the industry and the nation. The worker has a vital role in increasing productivity and management has to create conditions in which worker can make their maximum contribution towards the objectives of fulfilling the essential needs of the community. One of the most significant factors determining the productivity and advancement of industries lies in the efficiency and experience of workers. The employee turnover level will be high means it is difficult to retain them. So the organization is to identify the factors and find out way to retain them. The secondary objective of the study is to analyze the problems and difficulties faced by the HR managers in retaining and motivating the key employees in the organization. The research methodology is a systematic way to solve the research problem. The descriptive research design is used in this project. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The type of sampling used for the study is simple random sampling. The research was conducted in salem district milk producers union ltd. The sample size of this study is 100. Questionnaire is used to collect the data. There are two type of questions used in this study. First is open ended questions and second one is multiple choice questions. After the collection of data, analysis and interpretation has been done by using statistical tools such as simple percentage, chi test. Findings of the study is reveals that the company is first satisfied internal customers so it is suggested that the company is provided the better compensation. 2 1. 2. Statement of the problem Employees are incomparable resources and cannot be substituted by other factors of production. The employee turnover level will be high means it is difficult to retain them. So the organization is to identify the factors and find out way to retain them. Hence, the causes of this must be investigated and effective retention strategies must be done and implemented in order to better understand these circumstances 3 1. 3. Scope of the study This study tries to understand the meaning of retention and the study is only related to employee retention techniques and unrelated to all other HR concepts, the survey is not conducted all over industry and only in Salem District Milk Producers Union Ltd. to employees and executive level. This study aims to know the reasons for employees leaving the jobs and come out with findings and suggestions which will help the HR managers to retain their skilled employees. 4 1. 4. Objectives of the study PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To identify the labour turnover of the Salem District Milk Producers Union Limited.. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: To find out how to reta in the employees through motivation techniques in Salem District Milk Producers Union ltd. To analyze the problems and difficulties faced by the HR managers in retaining and motivating the key employees in the organization. To offer suitable suggestions to improve the labour turnover level of. Salem District Milk Producers Union ltd 5 1. 5. Limitations of the study * It was difficult to meet all the respondents in the unit due to shift constraints. * The respondents were reluctant to answer due to their busy schedule. * This study is restricted to Salem District Milk Producers Union Ltd. 6 1. 6 CHAPTERIZATION: Chapter – I The first chapter deals with the introduction of the concept of Empolyee retention Chapter- II The second chapter deals with the concept and review of related literature. Chapter-III The third chapter deals with the research methodology that contain the research design, sampling detail, data collection details, tools which is used in the study. Chapter-IV The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data. Chapter-V The fifth chapter highlights the findings, suggestions, recommendation and conclusion. CHAPTER – II CONCEPTS AND REVIEW 7 CHAPTER II Concept and review of literature 2. 1. Concept of employee retention techniques Retention will be a challenge, according to a recent study. Retention requires a competitive salary and great benefits. However, retention of your best requires a whole lot more. Employee involvement, recognition, advancement, development and pay based on performance just get you started in your quest to retain your best. An employee retention program boosts the bottom line and improves customer Satisfaction. Employers know only too well the tightening effect that continued growth has had on the labor market. Human resources publications constantly are regaling employers with tales of employers competing for scarce employees using techniques like allowing employees to bring their pets to work or hosting job fairs for convicts. Losing key employees is more than an inconvenience. Employee retention problems cost your organization money and time when you have to find and train replacements. In addition, a low employee retention rate drags down employee morale, hampers long-range planning and negatively impacts customer opinion. If a company cant keep its best employees, then it gains a reputation as a bad place to work and a company others dont want to do business with. Business owners need to put an employee retention plan in place to keep and recruit top employees. Although money plays a part in retention of employees, you might be surprised to learn that its not the most important factor in employee retention. 1. Clear communication of job requirements and performance expectations. 2. Efficient use of your employees skills and talents. 3. Appropriate training and supervision. 4. Opportunities for employees to learn new skills and advance in the company. 5. Consistent rewards and recognition for employee performance. 8 A few methods to reduce labor turnover are as follows: 1. Improve factory –working conditions 2. Handle workers grievances faithfully. 3. Don’t abuse or fire workers for petty matters. 4. Try to minimize fluctuations in the work. 5. Give appropriate wages and incentives to the workers. 6. Take care of employees’ health and welfare. 7. Adopt safety and good house keeping practices. 8. Motivate the employees and try to light up their morale. 9. Be impartial in the matters of promotion and Transfers. 2. 1. 1 EMPLOYEE RETENTION MEANING: Employee retention involves taking measures to encourage employees to remain in the organization for the maximum period of time. Corporate is facing a lot problem in employee retention these days. Hiring knowledgeable people for the job is essential for an employer. But retention is even more important than hiring. There is no dearth of opportunities for talented person. There are many organizations which are looking for such employees. If a person is not satisfied by the job he’s doing, he may switch over to some other more suitable job. In today’s environment it becomes very important for organizations to retain their employee. 2. 1. 2 DEFINITION: Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for the maximum period of time or until the completion of the project. Employee retention is beneficial for the organization as well as the employee. 9 2. 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Khatri, Budhwar and Fern. (2001) indicated that there is dearth of research studies examining employee turnover in Asian and developing countries contexts where this problem has given sleepless nights to HR managers and they put emphasis on the need to carry out research in Asian countries contexts. They further reported that there are very few research studies examining the issue of turnover in Asian context and such investigations have used a limited number of variables with small samples, thus this raises concerns of model specification and generalization. In a more recent article Baruch Budhwar (2006) repeated the call to widen perspectives of turnover research beyond the boundaries of western cultures. Khawaja et al. (2005) used descriptive qualitative research design based on 45 Interviews from registered nurses in Tertiary Care University Hospital, Pakistan Concluded that under-stressed, frustrated and demoralized nurses leave. They further point out that turnover problem is common in all parts of the world including developing countries; however, it has not been examined in Pakistan’s context. A study conducted by Khawaja and Nansey (1999) indicated that nursing turnover from1996 to 1999 has remained above 30%. 10 2. 3 COMPANY PROFILE The Salem District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Limited is a replica of the District Milk Union in Gujarat state based on the famed â€Å"AMUL† system. The Salem Milk Union is, therefore sandwiched in the middle of the 3-tier system popularly know as the â€Å"ANAND† District level and the primary Cooperative societies at the village level. The Salem District Milk Union was registered on 10. 07. 1978 and started functioning on 07. 10. 1978 . Its Area of operation is the entire Salem. District . Milk is now supplied from 1101 primary Milk Co-operative societies to the feeder-balancing Dairy directly and through the chilling centers of Attur,Namakkal and P. Velur cattle feed in being manufactured at the cattle feed plant at Salem the entire project has been funded by the National Dairy Development Board. ’ANAND† through the GOVT of Tamil nadu and the Co-operative Milk producer Federation. Milk is supplied of the feeder balancing Dairy either directly from nearly societies within a radium of approximate 1101 745 primary Milk Co-operative through 93 milk collection routes including B. M. C. These routes are pleased by hired milk trucks twice a day. Milk is received and processed at the feeder at the feeder balancing Dairy to ensure a year round marked for milk producer. When the milk reached the Union, the milk is processed through three plants. These three plants heat the milk between 72 C so those unwanted germs are killed. Then from the processed milk the Standardized milk is 3 lakh litres per day surplus milk produced during the flush season is converted to power for reconstitution during the lean season to ensure a year round available to the concept of feeder balancing dairy. 11 Milk also supplied to other district unions their times of necessary form this union besides to the supply to the TamilNadu Milk Producers Federation for Metro consumption. The Union’s major products are Standardized Butter,Ghee and Skim Miik Powder. The excess at from mik after standardized is converted to butter and ghee. The union has a 10-ton and a 30-tan power plant for production of milk powder. Besides skim powder, butter and ghee the union also manufactures popular products like palkhoa, flavoured milk, masala butter milk and ice cream for local consumer. These products have found a regular market locally. Milk powder, butter and ghee form this union is of the highest quality is in good demand in the up-country markets.

Whats the Highest New SAT Score Possible

What's the Highest New SAT Score Possible SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Understanding how the SAT scoring system works is an important part of preparing for the test. After all, how else are you supposed to measure your progress and set goals? The SAT underwent some big format changes in 2016, which means that the scoring system most people were familiar with was radically overhauled. Here, I’ll cover how the scoring system has changed on the SAT, how this has affected the highest possible SAT score, and what this means for test takers. How Has the SAT Changed in Recent Years? Before 2005, the SAT had just two sections (Math and Critical Reading), and each was scored on a scale of 200-800, giving you a maximum possible SAT score of 1600. In 2005, the College Board instituted a newer version of the SAT with three sections; this changed the maximum possible score to 2400. The new version of the SAT also came with updates to test content and question types. But in the beginning of 2016, the College Board updated the SAT a second time both in terms of its scoring system and content.There are still three parts of the test but these are now scored as two sections:Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing(which is a combination of Reading and Writing). Each of these sections is scored on a scale of 200-800.In addition, there’s an optional Essay section(whose score is separate from your overall SAT score). You might notice that the structure of the current SAT isfairly similar to that of the ACT. Another important change is the switch to rights-only scoring, which means that points are no longer deducted for wrong answers. Simply put, there’s no guessing penalty on the SAT! Now, let's take a closer look at what these changes mean for the highest possible SAT score and the SAT Essay. The Highest Possible SAT Score As I mentioned, the current SAT is scored as two sections (Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, or EBRW). Each has a maximum of 800. This means that the new highest possible SAT score is 1600. Basically, the SAT shifted from a maximum score of 1600 (before 2005), to a maximum score of 2400 (2005-2015), to back down to a maximum of 1600 (2016-present).Note, though, that even though the SAT returned to the 1600 scale, the current SAT format differs a lot from its very old (pre-2005) format. You can learn more about what counts as a good, bad, or average SAT scoreby reading our guide. The Highest Possible SAT Essay Score The essay used to be a mandatory part of the SAT Writing section. Now, though, it's an optional separate section with an independent scoring system.This means that your Essay score is not included in the total maximum SAT score of 1600. Two graders will read your SAT essay and score your work on three different dimensions: reading, analysis, and writing. Each grader will give you between 1 and 4 points for each dimension. In sum, each dimension is being scored out of 8 possible points. Three separate scores (out of 8 points each) means that the highest possible SAT Essay score is 8|8|8, or 24 total points. Because the essay is now scored on three separate dimensions, it may make it easier for you to hone in on (and improve) your writing weaknesses. What These SAT Scoring Changes Mean for You These structural and scoring changes to the SAT might not sound like a huge deal, but they could change the way you approach the test. Here are the major features of the new SAT to keep in mind as you prepare for the test: #1: There's a Greater Emphasis on Math On the old SAT, the Reading and Writing sections accounted for two-thirds of your total SAT score, whereas Math accounted for just one-third (remember that each of the three sections was scored on a separate scale of 200-800 points, adding up to a maximum of 2400 points). Now, the Math section accounts for half your total SAT score. If Math isn’t your strong subject, you'll need to dedicate more time to preparing for this section than you would have had to do had you taken the old version of the SAT. Since Math now counts for a far bigger fraction of your score, you don't want to do poorly on it! To get started on your SAT Math prep, check out our ultimate guide to the SAT Math section. #2: Know the Expectations for the SAT Essay The current SAT Essay gives you three scores for three different dimensions, with each being out of 8 points.Check out the SAT Essay rubric to see exactly what graders are looking for from test takers. I also recommendreadingour guide to getting a perfect 8 on each of the three SAT Essay dimensions. #3: Don't Be Scared to Guess on Questions With the 2016 switch to rights-only scoring (meaning that there are no point deductions for wrong answers), there’s no reason to leave any questions blank.You have nothing to lose if you guess on a question that you’re otherwise unable to answer, so go ahead and put down an answer! Take a look at our article onhow and when to guess on SAT questionsto learn more about how to increase your chances of getting a question right on test day. Guessing obviously isn’t ideal, but these changes to the SAT mean you don’t have to stress about whether to guess if you’re super stuck on a question! What’s Next? How many people actually score a 1600 on the SAT?Read our expert guide to learn what the answer is! Knowing how the SAT is scored can be useful- but it’s even more helpful if you have a context for understanding these scores. Start off by learning about the SAT score range. Afterward, read up on what counts as good, bad, or excellent SAT score. Intrigued by the idea of a perfect SAT score? Check out our famous guide on how to get a 1600, written by an actual perfect scorer! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

The Paradox of Thrift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Paradox of Thrift - Essay Example As an individual, saving raises the individual's wealth. But a greater desire to save in the 'whole population' may not increase national wealth. This paradox is often known as the "paradox of thrift" as Keynesian developed it. [2] [7] [12] The paradox of Thrift arises in large part from a basic difference in the effect of saving by an individual and the effect of saving by the whole economic system. Individuals do correctly recognize that saving adds to their monetary wealth. But they fail to see that their act of saving may reduce someone else's monetary wealth. For the economy to prosper as a whole, the way for wealth to rise is through regular investment in plant, equipment and other durables. An act of personal saving makes an individual wealthier, but it will only add to social wealth if the act raises money for current investment. Since it cannot be predicted that regular investment will occur, this can be a source of worry. If an increased desire to save does not generate investment and the creation of social wealth, the standard analysis of saving can lead to incorrect predictions and misleading policy advice. [2] [6] [12] Initially the saving and investment functions are at equilibrium as shown in the graph above. But when the people decide to save, the point of equilibrium changes to the new point where there is more investment as a result of lower interest rates. So according to this theory, a penny saved must necessar... Since additional saving results in lower spending by the saver, the saver lowers someone else's incomes. Looking at the example below can better explain this scenario. Example A person buys everything and spends all his income, $5000, in a specific shop. One day he decides that he cannot spend anymore and saves the money for his children's education. He raises the saving by $5,000 by reduce his spending of an equivalent amount. Although he gets his saving, he involuntarily lowers the sales and income of the shop keeper that had sold goods and services to him. It was not his intention to lower anyone's income, but it is the inevitable result of his decision to save. Those whose incomes fall cannot accumulate personal wealth in the way that they planned; they become, in a sense, the victims of other peoples' saving: their saving falls as the result of increase in saving by others. The shop keeper who receives less income will save less. If that shopkeeper who suffered the $5,000 decline in income keeps his spending exactly the same after his income drop as he did before then his saving must fall by $5,000. Therefore total saving in society will not increase at all, even though the one saves $5,000 more. His voluntary choice to save more forced involuntary adjustments on the shopkeeper that reduced his saving by an offsetting amount. Of course, the shopkeeper who suffered the income reduction may not absorb the entire reduction of his wealth with lower saving. He might also reduce his spending to adjust to lower income, but this action spreads the problem and somewhere down the line some other shop keeper makes up for the decline of $5000. The economy will not reach equilibrium between saving and spending until one or more shopkeepers in the economy have

Broadband diffusion--estimate the value of national broadband network Research Paper

Broadband diffusion--estimate the value of national broadband network - Research Paper Example Research questions 1. Who are the users of NBN in Melbourne? 2. What are the major applications of NBN by those who have adopted it? 3. What are the benefits/values of NBN to its users? 4. What barriers and problems do the users of NBN face during its application/adoption? Approaches and methods This study will adopt a positivist quantitative approach. The data will be collected from a 40 households from Melbourne area, who will be randomly selected. This will be achieved by use of a survey designed with relevant questions to examine the value of NBN amongst its users. The results of the survey will be analyzed quantitatively, with the aim of finding common patterns that will lead to conclusion. Required resources To effectively conduct the study, the researcher will require about 50 copies of questionnaires, services of two research assistant, stationery such as pencils, rubbers, and two note books. The researcher will also require budgeting for the major expenses that will be incur red in conducting of the study such as transport, communication, and ancillary expanses. Research plan The following table shows the study’s timeline, from development of a plan through submission of the report. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Development of a plan x x Analysis of historical data x x x x Conduct field work x x x x x x x Submit manuscript x x x Model development x x x x x x x x x x x Defend the concept x Submit final report x x Study design The premise of the paper has been defined within a positivist dimension, and as such a quantitative analysis of the data collected will be conducted to try and estimate the value of NBN in Melbourne. A Survey will be conducted, targeted on a total of 40 households and business people from Melbourne area. This survey will be intended to provide insight into household adoption of NDN and its value. The survey will aid in examining how the households and business people have adopted NBN; the reasons they have a dopted them; how they preserve NBN; and how they understand broadband services. Other areas of interest will be on how adoption of NBN affects households’ devises at home, use of internet, and the cost of communication, among other related issues. The survey will be conducted using questionnaires, designed to give answers to the research questions. Some of the advantages that have inspired the researcher to select questionnaire over other data collection tools include the following: (1) It is less expensive because it requires less financial and human resources; (2) Its use can ensure reach of many respondents; (3) The respondents get opportunity to think about how to answer the questions; (4) Since there is no face-to-face interaction, the respondents who would like to hide their identity will be encouraged to participate; and (5) The data is pre-coded and hence its analysis is quite easy (Berg,1998). Once collection of data was completed; it was captured in a Microsoft Exce l spreadsheet. This data was then analyzed using the IBM SPSS 11.0 package. The data was described using descriptive statistics as well as frequency tables. According to Hussey

A Unique Man Essay Example for Free

A Unique Man Essay The novel Into the Wild, written by author Jon Krakauer, takes place in the western portion of the United States during the late 1980s, early 1990s. Chris McCandless grew up in Washington D.C. and attended college at Emory University. He did not live an ordinary life by choice. He abandoned his opportunities after graduation and decided to travel out west for his own enjoyment and self-discovery. Chris McCandless is very different from an ordinary person because he explores life to the fullest and does not believe in society’s perception of what a person’s life should be. Chris McCandless did not need materialistic items to make his life more enjoyable; he only needed Mother Nature and his own motivation. For example, Chris does not want a new or better car because he is perfectly content with the Datsun, an old car passed down to him by his parents. His parents wanted to buy him a new car; however, he disagreed and became upset at the idea of having a new car in his possession. Chris’s perspective on the situation is that the Datsun is still in very good condition, therefore there is no reason to replace it with a more advanced car. Additionally, Chris donates over $24,000 to Oxfam International, a poverty eradication charity. The money that he donated to Oxfam International was originally given to him by his parents. However, Chris believed that this money was just a distraction and in order to make a point that he did not need the extra money and that he was satisfied with his life, he decided to donate it. Furthermore, before Chris began his adventurous journey for Alaska, he burned the rest of his money that he owned into ashes. He thought that money was just a distraction for what you could accomplish. One thing that Chris realized was that in life money is not everything, and happiness and tranquility cannot always be bought. The same thing goes for materialistic objects which are considered a distraction and unnecessary in the overall vision of the ideal life. In conclusion, Chris never needed materials or money to feel happy; he just needed motivation, nature, and the wild. Chris McCandless was always viewed differently by others since he lived an unordinary lifestyle. He would explain his theories and view of life to many others during his adventure to Alaska. For example, Wayne Westerberg, the first man to encounter McCandless on his vigorous adventure. Chris wasn’t prepared for the wild with the supplies he had, Westerberg helped him out with more advanced supplies. Chris shared his story with Wayne and they talked about their views on the lifestyle. Chris gave his input, but Wayne thought he was wild and out of his mind, but he liked Chris. Additionally, Chris encountered Jan Burres. Chris told Jan about his goals that he set for Alaska and the long adventure. At first Jan did not have must interest in of the matter. Then she gave her own insight on the hardships he would face and what he would need. Jan told Chris that he would have to acquire a job and shelter. Also, she said Chris would need plenty of food and water to prevent starvation during his traveling. Furthermore, Ron Franz was an old man Chris came across on his endeavor for Alaska. McCandless told his story towards his perspective on societies thoughts on what life should consist of. Franz thought he had interesting points and was a clever young man. Chris even convinced Franz to climb a mountain at one point to see a great view Chris had found. Chris encouraged Franz to take a risk and leave his everyday lifestyle and had him climb a steep mountain. In conclusion, Chris was an inspiration to many other people with his unordinary perspectives on the valuable things you occur in life. Chris McCandless would rather risk his life for his thrill of the adventure and nature than play it safe and be like everyone else. For example, McCandless has a main goal of traveling all the way to Alaska by foot. Chris did have a vehicle, the Datsun, but he abandoned the car and continued his quest for Alaska. On his way to Alaska he is offered help, such as food and shelter, and sometimes he would reject the help and continue on. He had the knowledge and skills to build his own shelter and obtain his own food. Also, he does not want or need valuables or materials to be satisfied. One example of this is the action of Chris donating over twenty thousand dollars to an organization. Another example is when Chris burns the remaining money he has left. Soon after he burns his money he abandons his longtime car, the Datsun. Furthermore, Chris prepares vigorously for hardships he could be unaware about of the wilderness. He would read multiple books as some preparation for the vigorous adventure from the United States to Alaska. He also gathered advice from multiple people he met during his traveling and took what people said into consideration. Chris possessed a guide that told him about different kinds of plants and if they were poisonous or not. In conclusion, Chris likes the idea of adventure, the challenges he will face, and the beauty of nature. Chris McCandless does what he believes life should consist of instead of accepting society’s view of what the normal life is. I think Chris succeeded in trying to live a transcendental lifestyle. He took on a grueling challenge that not many people would even consider. Even though he died on his adventure to Alaska, he was probably one of the bravest men to ever live. Also, Chris’ arrogance was not an obstacle to his success in achieving his goals, it was a confidence boost. His arrogance was a sign of confidence and knowledge, unfortunately he didn’t make it to Alaska. In conclusion, Chris succeeded in being what he viewed as a man and this brave man died trying to achieve a very unique thing.

the plant cell :: essays research papers

The Plant Cell Cell Wall Size: Around 1Â µ Basic Function: * Hold the shape of the cell. * Strengthen the cell. Covering the cell membrane of the plant cell, there is the cell wall. The cell wall is composed of two layers of rigid, hard cellulose embedded in compounds like pectin and lignin. Pores in the cell wall allow molecules to pass through. The cell wall has two parts. The primary cell wall is formed during the growth of the cell. After the cell has stopped growing, a secondary cell wall forms. This secondary wall is made of lignin and cellulose, woven together tightly, to prevent further growth and to form and strong protective barrier. Cytoplasm Size: Unmeasurable Basic Function: * Helps dissolve waste products * Creates a "medium" for vesicles to travel through * Aids in cell metabolism * Serves as a home for the cytoskeleton. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like material that makes up much of the cell. It is 80% water and usually clear in color. It also contains many salts. The liquid portion is referred to as cytosol. In fact, "cytoplasm" means "cell substance." The cytoplasm is also the home of the cytoskeleton, a network of cytoplasmic filaments that are responsible for the movement of the cell. The cytoplasm is constantly moving and churning due to cytoplasmic streaming. Golgi Apparatus Size: Between 2 and 3Â µ Basic Function: * Serves as "processing center" for cell. * Packages and processes new proteins. * Prepares proteins for secretion or storage. The Golgi Apparatus is a series of stacked membranes in the cytoplasm that packages proteins for secretion or storage in vesicles. Inside the membranes are sacs of fluid or gel-like substances. The Golgi Apparatus takes proteins in transport sacs from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends it through a series of these membranes. The proteins are then "modified"' as they pass from membrane to membrane. After the vesicle of proteins has finished its trip through the Golgi Apparatus, it buds off the organelle in a Golgi sac, ready to be stored or transported to other parts of the body. Cell Membrane Size: 7 to 8 NM (nanometers) Basic Function: * Controls what enters and exits the cell. * Separates cell from outer environment. On the outside of all cells, there is a layer of protein and lipid (fat) called the cell membrane or the plasma membrane. This membrane is found in ALL cells. The membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows some molecules to enter and some not to. The membrane allows molecules in through two forms

Information systems proposal Essay

In order for our nostalgic, brick and mortar record store to continue its success and remain afloat in today’s rough economy our first objective is to consider the right technology systems needed for our business. Information technology can help us in many ways. This includes keeping records of inventory, company payroll, sales, and tracking return customers. There are five types of systems in which would be helpful for us to look over and review. 1. Functional area IS- This system allows for automated payroll by tracking employee hours, tax rates, hire date, and personal information used by management. 2. Management information system- This system can produce reports summarized from transactional data. This will allow us to track inventory. 3. Transaction processing system- This is the point of sale terminal where customers purchase our merchandise, even at a self-checkout station. 4. Electric commerce system- This system gives us access to the web. With the web we are able to market and sell products electronically. 5. Enterprise resource planning- This system combines all functional areas within one database. All of the systems listed above will help the business even if some may pose a tiny drawback in certain areas. With our business being very physical, with a personal face-to-face customer experience, it would be best to have  many options that would benefit our business and our style of handling customers. Understanding these different systems will also help us improve our managing skills. The table below briefly describes the benefits and/or drawbacks within each system. System Benefits/Function Drawbacks Functional area IS Automated employee tracking (hours, personal info, etc.) Forged hours of work. Access to sensitive information Management information system Easy inventory tracking Transaction processing system Tracks all purchases made within the store Theft at self-checkout Electric commerce system Expand merchandise to the web for high profits Computer glitches, non-updated online stock Enterprise resource planning Easy access to all department data Access to sensitive information Although we run a very simple record store, it is extremely important to keep our technology and information systems updated. These are five different systems that are typically used in all stores that help management and employees serve their customers. Functional area IS. Tracking employee schedules and hours will help to pay the employees for their work or even prevent over paying them. A slight drawback may be forged hours of work where an employee could swipe out later than their worked hours. Management information system. This system provides easy inventory tracking. It makes summarized reports of all merchandise bought and sold from the store. This systems information could be automated  or manual, allowing employees or management to input data. Transaction processing system. This system is self-explanatory; it processes the transactions in the store. This is mostly done at the point of sale terminals operated by cashiers or at self-checkout stations. The only drawback I see would be theft. Automated self-checkouts may be too much for our store, but it would be good to keep it in mind. Electric commerce system. This system allows access to the web, allowing for electronic sales. Often times I have experienced online stores not being current with their online stock. This may go hand in hand with the management information system mentioned earlier. Enterprise resource planning. This system integrates all functional areas into one database. Easy access to any information needed would be helpful to management and employees. The only setback would be the ability to access unnecessary information that should only be seen by certain personnel. This system must definitely come with password access. In conclusion, implementing each of these systems at our record store will ensure proper operation from management and employees while still keeping our nostalgic, brick and mortar style. Understanding these systems is important, but upholding our flare of business is our key component. REFERENCES R. Kelly Rainer Jr. (2011). Information systems: Concepts and management. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BIS220 website.

Earth Is Precious Essay

The seven continents are the seven main land areas on the Earth. Some are joined to each other, and some are completely surrounded by water. Some continents have a lot of countries, but others have only a few. Erin Ate Nine Sticky Apricots At Aprils. If you can remember this mnemonic device called an acrostic then it is easy remember all Continents names as the first letter of each word corresponds with the first letter of a continent. These continents are: Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Africa! Interestingly the names of all the continents end with the same letter with which they start. It is believed that in past ,all continents were joined, this land area was called Pangaea .This area started to break up & got divided into 7 parts ,so today we have 7 continents .These continents are still moving away or moving close to each other. This is called continental drift or plate tectonics theory. For example Europe & North America are said to be moving 7 cm apart every year. Asia It is the largest continent .It covers one-third of earth’s surface. Also it is the biggest in terms of population in the world. Half of the world population lives here. World’s two most populous countries, China & India are in this continent. It has 30% of world land area & 60% of population It is the birth place of great religions – Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity It is also the place of great ancient civilizations- Chinese, Harrapan. It is the home of the 10 highest mountain peaks in the world. Mount Everest , the highest mountain in the world is here only . Africa It is the second largest continent. It is also called Dark Continent as for long time not much was known about this continent due to its difficult inhabitable terrain. It is the home of the Nile ,the longest river in the world. It is also the home of the Sahara, the largest desert in the world. The equator passes through the middle of Africa continent ,so it receives direct sunlight throughout the year. So it has hot climate throughout the year. World’s hottest place Ethiopia is also in Africa continent. Africa is very rich in minerals.Ninety five percent of the worlds’s diamonds and more than 50% of the world’s gold comes from Africa. 66% of world’s chocolate comes from Africa. Australia Australia is the largest island (island is a place which is surrounded by water from all sides).It is also the smallest continent in the world. It is also known as â€Å"island continent†. Australia continent has only one country ,which is Australia itself.It lies entirely south of the equator and is called land down under. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis which means Southern, it seems it was named as Southern place because it lies entirely south of equator. Today the full official name of Australia is Commonwealth of Australia. Two thirds of Australia is flat desert. Australia is home of three unique animals: platypus ,mammal that lays eggs, the kangaroo,which carries its young in a pouch,the emu ,a large bird that does not fly. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef,it is made up of coral deposits & is about 2000 kilo meters long Australia is also known for its various type of Eucalyptus trees.There are over 500 varieties. Australia ‘s sheep population is more than its human population. Its sheep population is 14 times more than its human population.This is why Australia stands first in the production & export of wool in the world. Antratica Antarctica is a frozen land area around the South Pole.It is also called â€Å"Frozen Continent† . Antarctica is the highest, driest, windiest, emptiest, coldest place on earth. Antarctica contains 75% of the ice in the world.It is estimated that ice is 4 km thick. It looks all white, that is why it is also known as â€Å"White Contnent†. Antarctica also contains about 70% of the world’s fresh water Antarctica is the windiest continent on earth. . The water of the Antarctica is so cold that nothing can rot here. . The coldest natural temperature ever recorded in the world was in Antarctica. It was as low as –89.2 °C (–129 °F) . Europe It is believed that Europe is named originally after ‘Europa’ who was a Phoenician Princess from Greek Mythology.. In Europe , there are no deserts.It is the only continent without any deserts. Venice, the world’s smallest country is in Europe . Most of the countries of Europe use a single currency called the Euro. Germany is the most populous country in Europe, Industrial revolution is said to have originated in Europe only & from here it spread to whole world. North America North America was named after the explorer Americo Vespucci. North America is the only continent that has every kind of climate The population density is approximately 22.9 per square kilometer, which is the largest for any continent in the world. North America is around twice the size of Europe. Lake Superior in North America is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located on the border between the United States and Canada. It is also known as â€Å"New World† North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. South America Andes i,n South America, form the Second Highest Mountain System in the World next to the Himalayas(in Asia). They are Young Fold Mountains. Mt. Aconcagua is the Highest Peak (7,021 m) of The Andes. The Angel Falls of South America ,is the Highest Waterfall in the World. It also has the world’s largest river –Amazon (by volume of water).The name Amazon comes from Native American name for the river ‘Amazunu’ meaning ‘big wave’.In length ,it is the second longest river in the world (6440 km) South America is also the home of anaconda,one of the world’s largest snakes.

10 Essay Topics on Economics and Political Structure of the Inca Empire

10 Essay Topics on Economics and Political Structure of the Inca Empire Economical systems are what make or break a state. They have the power to either keep people together with shared interests, or break them because of conflicts. The Incan Empire had a huge effect on the political and economic structure which is relevant even today. The Empire had risen to power in the 15th century and was an accumulation of the cultures followed in the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains. Because it had covered a diverse topographical area, it was known to be one of the most diverse economic systems. If your professor has decided to assign this essay topic to you, you are in luck because you will face no difficulty in tracking information about it. However, if you are looking for an easy way out and want to narrow down the subject, here are 10 facts about the Incan Empire which can be used to write a creative and thought-provoking essay as well as our guide for this kind of assignment. The Inca Empire was founded by Pachacuti, who had envisioned to rule and conquer various regions of the world. Though the Inca Empire was vast in its area (five times larger than the modern day France), it lasted a short time and had fallen during the Spanish conquest in 1536. During the rule of the Incan Empire, the Andeans tried to take control of the areas which were governed by the Incan people. However, these efforts were unsuccessful because there was a lot of political fragmentation and unrest in the two centuries when the Empire came to power. The establishment of the Incan Empire ran through the entire western flank and covered descending mountains as well as plain and desert areas. It was due to these diversified lands that the Incan Empire was rich in resources. Though these resources mainly helped with the development and cultivation of the empire, it also gave people the opportunity to grow in social and recreational activities. Because the resources and development were being exploited by some, a dedicated political system came into power, which helped form a systematic authority. These political and monetary systems capitalized on the goods being transported and a proper political hierarchy and system was formed. The population of the Incan empire is estimated to be somewhere between 9 to 13 million during that time. Because these inhabitants were already established in the areas and were aware of the agricultural prowess the land had possessed, it was easier for them to control things. As a result, even though many historians believe that the Incas came into power because of their military power, the main reason is thought to be the acceptance of the local people. One of the reasons why it is believed that the locals accepted the Incan Empire and its rule was because of their organizational abilities. The Incas were smart in their transformation of the locals because instead of using force which would result in revolts and unrest, they used religion to convert the communities that they had conquered. Their prime objective was to appear as forgiving and understanding conquerors and so they made sure that the locals were offered peaceful incorporation. The Chieftains of the local agricultural establishments who didn’t display any signs of resistance were requested to join the hierarchy of the political establishment of the empire. Marriage between local Chieftains with royal family was a very common technique used by the Inca to gain over lands peacefully. However, forcefully removing communities and massacre also occurred when the locals resisted or rebelled. The driving factor behind the Inca expansion was building an empire that eliminates the savagery of war. Their motto was to save the people from themselves and bring stability in a land of chaos. Unification of religion was the ultimate driving force for Pachacuti’s conquest. The acceptance of the empire by the local groups came with the acceptance of the Incan Religion. Pachacuti exaggerated the supremacy of Viracocha over the other Gods. This was the defining factor for the establishment of Inca Empire and a pact was formed once the interests of Pachacuti and the locals began to match. The Inca stepped into the traditions of the Andean people by incorporating ancestor worship. The mummification of kings created a sense of familiarity for the local people as it was a link between the Incan people with their Gods. Maintenance of this tradition became important for the higher order of Inca Empire because it helped maintain a political order. However, the mummification, maintenance and grandeur display of the dead kings was only possible if there was a steady income and this directly depended on the conquests. Everything acquired during these conquests was put into the perseverance of tradition by the Sapa Inca. The government system of the Inca Empire was based on theocracy. Everything belonged to the Sapa Inca which included land, gold, silver, labor and people. Women were considered to be their property and therefore adultery was stated as a crime. The state was responsible for feeding the people and government officials were held accountable if someone was left hungry. When you start reading about the history, religion, economics and politics of the Incan Empire, you will realize that there is a world of information which cannot be put into one single essay. This is why it is crucial that you analyze these facts and decide on a topic which seems interesting and intriguing. Further you will find our guide on how to write an economics essay on the Inca Empire as well as our selected set of subtopics to choose from. References: Baquedano, E., ZabeÃŒ , M. (2011). Eyewitness Aztec. London: DK Pub. Bernand, C., Bahn, P. G. (1994). The Incas: People of the sun. New York: Harry N. Abrams. DAltroy, T. N. (n.d.). The Incas. Hemming, J. (1970). The conquest of the Incas. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. Jones, D. M. (2012). The complete illustrated history of the Inca Empire: A comprehensive encyclopedia of the Incas and other ancient peoples of South America with more than 1000 photographs. London: Lorenz. MacQuarrie, K. (2008). The last days of the Incas. New York: Simon Schuster Paperbacks. Newman, S. (2010). True Book: The Inca Empire. Scholastic Canada.

How to Say Any in Spanish

How to Say Any in Spanish The English word any has no single equivalent in Spanish, and when it is used to mean an uncountable noun or a plural noun, it is usually left out completely.  There are a few cases where you can use the word any to mean some, none or whatever, and in those cases, there is a translation for the word. When Any Can Be Omitted in Translation In many cases, any as an adjective is superfluous in Spanish, adding little independent meaning and can be omitted without much change in how the sentence is understood. Under those circumstances, and especially in questions, the word can usually be left untranslated in the Spanish equivalent.   English Sentence Spanish Translation If you have any additional questions about this product, you can check the label. Si tienes preguntas adicionales sobre este producto, puedes consultar la etiqueta. Are there any books about the National Museum in English?  ¿Hay libros sobre el Museo Nacional en inglà ©s? If we don't make any progress this week, a huge job will be left for us next week. Si no hacemos progresos esta semana, nos quedar una tarea monumental para la semana prà ³xima. Do you want any more carrots?  ¿Quieres ms zanahorias? I don't feel any pain. No siento dolor. Remember, there are times when any can or should be translated. There are a few ways to express the idea of any when it can mean some, none, whichever, or whatever in a sentence. When Any Means None Double negatives are common and acceptable in Spanish. In negative sentences, any can often be translated as ninguno, which varies according to number and gender. Note that ninguno is shortened to ningà ºn when it comes before a singular masculine noun. Like any, ninguno and its variations can function as both adjectives and pronouns. English Sentence Spanish Translation If you don't have any of these documents, you can submit one of the following. Si no tiene ninguno de estos documentos, puede someter uno de los siguientes. I don't see any advantages for the citizens. No veo ningunas ventajas para los ciudadanos. I don't feel any pain. No siento ningà ºn dolor. By using a double negative, in Spanish, it can allow the speaker to be emphatic. As is the case with the example, I dont feel  any  pain. The speaker can simple state,  No siento dolor.  However, when using the double negative and stating,  No siento  ningà ºn  dolor.  The speaker is emphasizing a state of being that is extremely pain free. It is similar to an English speaker saying, I dont feel any pain, not a one. When Any Means Some When any is used in a sentence and it stands in as a pronoun meaning some, it can be expressed in two ways as alguno  or algunos for the singular and plural masculine pronoun and  alguna or algunas  for the singular and plural feminine pronoun. An example of this would be,  I have two dogs. Do you have any? In the second sentence, you can replace the word any with alguno.  Tengo dos perros  ¿Tienes alguno? When Any Means Whatever or Whichever When any is used to mean that a variety of choices will do, such as whatever or whichever in English, you can use cualquiera, which is shortened to cualquier when used as an adjective before a masculine or feminine noun.   English Sentence Spanish Translation I am looking for any Harry Potter book. Busco cualquier libro de Harry Potter. Any mother can distinguish her child from all other children. Cualquier madre puede distinguir a su hijo de todos los dems nià ±os. "Which meal do you want to eat?" Any one. It doesn't matter." Cualquiera. No importa. It is absolutely prohibited to provide syringes or hypodermic needles in any way. Es absolutamente prohibido suministrar de cualquier modo jeringuillas o agujas hipodà ©rmicas.

Toyota Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Toyota Brand Management - Essay Example Market analyst’s claim that if a company has a strong brands it has low employee turnover and a lower likelihood of losing its customers. The greatest strength of integrated branding is aligning the actions of the company with its strengths. This implies that the brand should reflect the company’s capabilities (Roll 2006, p.56). A second aspect of integrated branding that is beneficial to Toyota is customer preference. A brand driven company has the mechanisms to acquire knowledge about the customers needs. This information enables to produce in regards to the needs of the customer thus making them satisfied. Satisfied customers are loyal to a company, and this leads to significant sales. Brand environmental audit is essential in the branding process is various ways. The company intending to market a product will know the strengths and weaknesses of the target market. The company is also in a position to know the preferences of a market. With this knowledge, the brandin g manager strategizes on the branding process (Aggarwal 2008, p.129). The following is an analysis of the Asian Markets. The strength and the weakness of the Yen can produce strong implications on Toyota’s abilities to make sales. If the yen is strong, it gives citizens purchasing power in foreign commodities. This aspect is crippling to Toyota’s branding strategies as they experience reduced local demand. This is to show that the economic status of the region plays a critical role in determining market specificity. The brand a company intends to market, therefore, must pay attention to the economic situation. In this regard, a marketing manager will be careful not to launch an â€Å"expensive† product during an economic recession. The Economic situation in Asia is as a result of the political instabilities in the region. However, in recent times, the region has stabilized and there is a marked improvement in the economic sector (Bradley 2005, 71). Another impli cation on the Asian markets is the media. The positive or negative light shed by the media can make or build a brand. The Media has immense influence because most youth depend on the media for access to information. Globalization of the Media has wide spread roots in the Asian region. Chinese television programmes are a favourite in the region with more and more Asian countries paying attention to Cantonese pop music. There is also the internet whose advancement in the Asian region is rapid. People share information in chat rooms and social networking. The fun Vii is targets the youth, and Toyota has to ensure that the media gives positive criticism to this regard (Aaker 2011, p.33). The other aspect of the asian markets to consider is regionality. This can work for or against toyota in the sense that people can either prefer local brands or foreign brands. However, in the case of asia, locals, especially men prefer local brands to foreign brands. In comparison to U.S brands, Asia b rands indicate the mother company of a product and the place of the assembly to his effect. Regionality may indicate the popularity of a product peoples acceptance of the product and the priority they give it. Toyota has already established itself in the region, so this is not a likely huddle for them to jump over (Cayla & Eckhardt 2007, p.217). Consumer attitudes are extremely influential in determining trends in the Asian markets. The asian markets are particularly keen on technological advancements. The deep rooted culture of innovation plays a prominent role in the branding techniques and the design of the product. The Asian markets, in view of embracing globalisation, focus on the future prospects and not on the current events. Asian innovations